What might lead to someone being charged with "fighting words"?

The concept of "fighting words" is based on the idea that certain speech can provoke an immediate violent reaction. The correct option identifies verbal attacks that are likely to incite violence as a basis for being charged with this offense. Fighting words are defined by the Supreme Court as those which, by their very utterance, inflict injury or cause an immediate breach of the peace. Such words are typically directed at an individual in a confrontational manner, often intended to provoke a violent response.

In contrast, the other options do not typically meet the legal threshold for fighting words. Using provocative language in speech may be insensitive but doesn't always incite violence in a direct manner. Encouraging peaceful protests aligns with protected speech under the First Amendment. Engaging in written debates also does not involve an immediate, face-to-face confrontation that would lead to violence. Therefore, verbal attacks that are designed to provoke immediate aggression are the situations where someone could rightfully face charges for fighting words.