Define "due process" as stated in the 14th Amendment.

Due process, as articulated in the 14th Amendment, refers to the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person. This principle ensures that individuals are given fair treatment through the normal judicial system, emphasizing the importance of legal procedures in protecting individual rights. It encompasses both substantive due process, which protects certain fundamental rights from governmental interference, and procedural due process, which guarantees fair procedures when the government seeks to deprive an individual of life, liberty, or property. This foundational concept supports the rule of law and safeguards individuals from arbitrary actions by the state, making it a cornerstone of American legal doctrine.